The Definition of Elicitation Technique
English
learning in the classroom occurs through meaningful interaction that involves teacher
and students. The interaction can be between teacher and students or the interaction
between student and student. Teaching learning process will not conduct if there
is no interaction between teacher and students. The interaction between teacher
and students occur when the teacher explain the material and the student have
to give their responses.
During
teaching learning process, teacher and students are expected to participate actively
in the classroom especially the students. The students’ participation will
affect their understanding toward the material. The students who are active in
the classroom, the students will understand the material well than the students
who just listen the teacher explanation. Because, when the student active in
the classroom and they can share their opinion about the material, that
students will remember that material. Students will learn better and retain
more when they are active participants because learning is an active process
which should involve talking (Cieniewicz, 2002). It means, the students should be
active in the classroom. To encourage the students to participate in the classroom,
the teacher usually use some techniques. One of the techniques which is usually
used by the teacher is elicitation technique. Elicitation technique is a technique
used by the teacher to elicit students’ responds and to stimulate students to talk
in the classroom.
Darn
(2008) states that elicitation is preferable method that helps promote students
involvement in the lesson and develops learner centered classroom. Through the
elicitation technique the time for students to speak or the students talking
time (STT) in the classroom increase automatically and the time for the teacher
to speak or teacher talking time (TTT) decrease.
Elicitation
technique is used by the teacher to elicit the students during the lesson to
get the information about what students already know and need to know. This
technique also can be used as a technique to measure student’s understanding to
the material that given by the teacher. In eliciting the students, teacher can
give some question to students. Elicitation technique involves asking questions
and that questioning is one of the principal ways in which teachers control the
classroom discourse, Walsh (2013). It is used by the teacher to know what
students’ response to the question or to the material. Walsh (2013), defines
elicitation techniques as strategies used by teachers to get learners to
respond
In
addition, eliciting is a technique that ESL teachers can use to get information
about what the students know and don't know. This means that the teacher becomes
more capable and doesn't waste time rehashing the students' existing knowledge.
Eliciting creates a learner-centered environment and is very thought-provoking
for the students.
Elicitation
is a technique by which the teacher gets the learners to give information rather
than giving it to them. In the classroom elicitation is an important technique for
various reasons. It helps develop a learner-centered dynamic, it makes learning
memorable as learners can link new and old information, and it can help produce
a dynamic and stimulating environment.
Elicitation
can be of four types: choice (responder has the choice to agree or disagree with
the statement) product (responder should reply with factual information) process
(responder replies with opinions or interpretations) and meta process (where the
teacher asks the students to think through their own reasoning or thought
processes), (Mehan, 1979).
An
elicitation is an act whose function is to request a linguistic response
–linguistic. Although the response may be a non-verbal surrogate such as a nod
or raise hand.( Sinclair & Coulthard,1992:9)
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