Concept of Cohesive Devices
Cohesive
devices is when a word or phrase is linked together in a sentence or article. There
are numerous words that are considered cohesive devices in English language. Some
examples of cohesive devices for the English are, however, in conclusion,
basically, as it turns out, at last, eventually, after all, rarely, normally,
at first, often, further, and firstly. Cohesive devices is important in writing
especially in writing descriptive paragraph because It make the sentences or paragraph
linked together and make easy to read and more understanding by the reader. Make
the students know what is cohesive devices and the types of cohesive devices.
Cohesive devices is a part of discourse analysis. Discourse is generally seen as
“language in use”.
Johnson
(2002: 2) defines discourse as “actual instances of communication in the medium
of language”. Johnson defines discourse as an institutionalized way of speaking
that determines not only what we say and how we say it, but also what we do not
say which can be inferred from what we say. Discourse analysis is generally
viewed as language above the sentence or the clause. It studies meaning in text,
paragraph, and conversation. Brown and Yule (1983:27) in their book explain that
discourse analysis is investigating the use of language in context by a speaker
/ writer, he is more cincerned with the relationship between the speaker and
utterance, on the particular occasion of use, than with the potential
relationship of one sentence to another, regaedless of their use. Discourse analysis
analyze conversation and written discourse. Discourse analysis is concerned not
only with complex utterances by one speker, but more frequently with the turn-taking
interaction between two or more, and with the linguistic rules and conventio.ns
that are taken to be in play and governing such discourse in their given context.
The overall goal of any discourse analysis is to explain how language users construct
and interpret meaning in discourse. In summarize, discourse analysis is the study
which concerning at how sentences are build up and as discourse analysis we can
tell about contextualize and grammatical items.
Each
of the examples can be used to start a sentence to link together the sentence
or story Example :
I figured I could charm the judges and
get the job anyway. Plus, I had an edge, because I was the only kid trying out
who could read a cue card.
Until
the mid 1970s, cohesion and coherence were often used interchangeably, both
referring either to a kind of vague sense of wholeness or to a more specific and
Hasan (1976) influenced scholars and researchers in rhetoric and composition so
that, by the early 1980s, the two terms were distinguished. Cohesion is now
understood to be a textual quality, attained through the use of grammatical and
lexical elements that enable readers to perceive semantic relationships within and
between sentences. Coherence refers to the overall consistency of a discourse, its
purpose, voice, content, style, form, and so on and it is in part determined by
readers’ perceptions of texts, dependent not only on linguistic and contextual information
in the texts but also on readers’ abilities to draw upon other kinds of
knowledge, such as cultural and intertextual knowledge. Coherence and cohesions
are two main features of text. Analysis in these areas can be applied to the instruction
of English writing because they play an important role in writing. Coherence, including
both sentence and paragraph coherence, lies in the deep structure of a text,
and refers to the complex non linier sequences of words, sentences or
paragraph.
According
to Roy Peter Clark (2006) “The big parts of a story should stick together, but
the small parts need some stickum as well. When the big parts fit, we call that
good feeling coherence, when sentences connect, we call it cohesion”.
According
to Wayne C. Booth and Marshall W. Gregory (1987) cohesion is achieved when writers
connect their organized parts with sufficiently clear and numerous signals,
like the words ‘finally, thus, however’ to make the development of thier cases
intelligible and to lead the reader safely along the emerging lines of their
arguments.
Writing
must have not only coherence, an effective design, but cohesion, an explicit
set of ‘hooks’ and ‘ties’ that ensure a reader’s interest and comprehension.
Coherence is the kind of ‘holding together’ that a good design will give any
discourse, whether written or spoken. Cohesion is the result of giving readers the
right kind of explicit help in figuring out the design. Cohesion gives readers the
clues for discovering coherence.
According
to Chan (2010) in Halliday and Hasan’s definition, coherence refers to the
elements internal to the text, consisting of cohesion and register. A text is
passage of discourse which is coherent in these two regards, it is coherent with
respect to the context of situation and therfore consistent in register, and it
is coherent with respect to itself and there fore cohesive. In other words, cohesion
as a major characteristic of coherence with regard to the linguistic properties
of the language, gives a sequence of sentences a coherent texture. According to
Halliday and Hasan’s cohesion theory (in Chan: 2010), cohesion, as the major characteristic
of coherence covering linguistic properties of the language, gives a sequence of
sentences a coherent texture. Cohesion shows how semantic relationships are set
up by lexical and syntactic features. Such overt lexical and syntactic features
are called cohesive device, which signal the relationship among sentences. To provide
a framework for studying and judging the cohesion and coherence writing, five different
types of cohesive ties (reference, ellipsis, subtitution, conjunction, and
lexical cohesion). They contended that through analyzing the usage of cohesive
device, one could evaluate or assess writing quality from the perspective of coherence.
According to Sena (2010) cohesive device are typically single words or phrases that
basically make the text hang together. By analogy, they are much like the seams
in our clothing which keep items like jakcets and trousers together. There are two
types of lexical cohesion , reiteration (repetition, synonymy, hyponymy, metonymy,
and antonymy) and collocation.
INFO DAN FILE LENGKAPNYA KLIK DI SINI ATAU HUB 085398507498
TERSEDIA JUGA DI CHANNEL YOU TUBE PEJUANG SKRIPSI
