Teaching and Learning Process
Teaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the
learner to learn, setting the condition for learning. The teacher as the
facilitator should give the facility to the learners in the learning process.
He must select the teaching material related to the learners need. Richards et,
al. (1992:7) suggest that the principles of developing teaching materials are:
a. Careful selection of what to be taught.
b. Improving limits on what is to be taught.
c. Arranging what is to be taught in term of the four skills.
d. Grading materials from simple to complex.
In teaching, the teacher should be able to choose effective
methods of teaching toexpose every material, since all method have their
advantage and disadvantage. There are many kinds of methods in language
teaching, but there is no best method of teaching that will suit all occasions.
While, learning is a process of gain some knowledge or skill
by study. Languagelearning is a process. A child learns his first language step
by step. Since he does not go to school at his age, he does not learn his first
language by studying the rules formally, but through experience. Concept
development of language goes along with the experience.
Brown (1980:8) states that learning is acquiring or
getting of knowledge of a subject or skill by study, experience, or
instruction. According to this definition, knowledge or skill about language use
can be gained by the learners through the study in the classroom or through experience
in his life. During the process of learning, there are changes of learners
behavior. They will get the knowledge or skill that they have not had before as
the result of learning. Kimbley and Garmezy, as quoted by Brown (1980:7), states
that learning is a relatively permanent change in a behavioral tendency and is the
result of reinforced practice. The changing of learners behavior and knowledge
will depend on the effort as of both the teacher and the learners. If the
teacher uses appropriate methods in teaching, it will be easier for the
learners to study the materials. In this case of learning, the learners study the
material consciously and practice it in order to get good results.
From the explanation above, it can be inferred that
learning:
a. Is a process of acquiring or getting knowledge.
b. Is getting information or skill.
c. Involves active and conscious efforts, inside or outside of the classroom.
d. Is relatively permanent, but subject to forgetting.
e. Involves some form of practice, perhaps reinforced practice.
f. Is a change in behavior.
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