Definition of Pre-Reading Activity
In
the contemporary practice, a reading lesson is usually divided into three
parts, the pre-reading, while-reading, and post-reading stages, each of which
has its own particular aims and procedure (Murcia 1991:202).
According
to Sari (2007:3) “The pre-reading stage can be interpreted as the phase before
students are given the reading texts.” This phase usually brainstorms or
arouses student‟s prediction about text. In the pre-reading stage, the teacher
will encourage the students to activate their background knowledge with the
topic they learn.
Lewin
divides reading activities into four steps; they are Prepare, First Dare,
Repair and Share. Pre-reading activities are defined as Prepare activities
which is “It is prerequisite for constructing meaning in any subject on any
topic”(Lewin 2003: 18). So, pre-reading is a stage before reading is started
which students are asked to make anticipation about the reading text topic.
Moreover,
Silberstein states pre-reading activities are activities created which occurs
before the students read the whole passages or text (Silberstein: 1994: 44).
Before students read any text, teachers can direct their attention to how a
text is organized. It could be a way to help students comprehend the text
easily.
Pre-reading
strategies allow students to think about what they already know about a given
topic and predict what they will read or hear (Nordquist: 2013). Therefore, by
understanding what the students want to read, it will help them to comprehend
the text better. It will affect on student‟s reading comprehension test
achievement.
Reading
educators such as Betts and Stauffer “They recommended a lesson structure that
provides not only for comprehension-oriented activities during reading but for
pre- and post- reading discussions to integrate children‟s prior knowledge and
to help them evaluate what they have learned.” (Wilson and Chase 1985: 326) From
this statement, pre-reading can give benefit in recalling student‟s knowledge.
This activity could help students in comprehending the text by facilitating
them in pre- reading activity. Because they have background knowledge about the
text, before they face the text.
In
conclusion, pre-reading activity is an activity which is held before main
reading activity. This activity usually is held in order to brainstorm
students’ knowledge which is connected with the text. This activity has
function as the media before the main reading process happens to help students
comprehend the text easily.
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