Types of Anxiety
Marzec (2012: 221)Anxiety arising
while learning a foreign language in classroom situations is a the feeling of
tension and apprehension specifically associated with second language contexts,
including speaking, listening and learning, contended that foreign language
anxiety is combined of three components: communication apprehension, fear of
negative social evaluation and test anxiety.
Communication apprehension appears
while real or anticipated interaction with others. As a result students may
avoid situations in which they are supposed to talk to someone. Fear of
negative social evaluation is provoked by students’ concern that someone else
would evaluate their performance, that evaluation would be negative or that
another person would form a negative opinion about them. As a result they also
turn to avoidance behaviour which is to escape occasions in which any kind of
judgment could appear. Test anxiety is experienced due to students’ worry that
they will perform poorly during an examination or that they will fail any form
of a test
Chan & Wu (2004: 291) There are
three perspectives from which research studies on anxiety are conducted. They
are trait anxiety, state anxiety, and situation-specific anxiety.
1)
Trait anxiety, a motive or acquired
behavioral disposition that predisposes an individual to perceive a wide range
of objectively non dangerous circumstances as threatening, and to respond to
these circumstances with anxiety state reactions disproportionate in intensity
to the magnitude of the objective danger, is relatively permanent and steady personality
feature
2)
State anxiety is apprehension
experienced at particular moment in time, for example, prior to taking exams.
This anxiety can be provoked in the confrontation of the perceived threat.
3)
Situation-specific perspective requires
the respondents to ascribe their anxiety to particular sources. Specific
situations can offer more understanding to particular anxiety in diverse
situations.
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