The Listening Process or Procedure
Here
will be explained the process of listening, they are:
a) Hearing
Hearing involves the accurate reception of sounds.
To hear, you must focus your attention on the speaker; discriminate among
sounds, and concentrate. This chapter introduces the physiological aspects of
hearing and the principles that govern attention. In addition to learning,
techniques that improve your concentration, you will also be introducing to the
effects of listener apprehension and the importance of nonverbal attending
behaviors.
Hearing, as you know, takes place even when you are alone. The ability to
appreciate music, to enjoy nature, and to recognize other sounds in your
environment depends upon the sensitivity and discrimination developed through
your hearing.
b)
Understanding
The ability to understand what you hear, listening
comprehension, improves with practice. A number of processes involved in
comprehension are interpersonal; that is, they take place inside your head.
This section familiarizes you with the nature of human information processing
and the concept the inner speech. You learn guidelines to help you improve your
understanding of message as you develop strategies to build your vocabulary,
ask appropriate questions, and take efficient notes.
c) Remembering
There has been a great deal of research on memory.
Remembering is essential if you intend to apply what you have heard in future
situations. This chapter acquaints you with the three basic memory systems and
the work that has been done in listening training and assessment with regard to
the memory process. You will learn key techniques for retaining and recalling
information as well as the obstacles that inhibit memory. Creative approaches
to problem solving also addressed.
d) Interpreting
When you
interpret messages you do two things. First, you take into account the total
communication context so that you are better able to understand the meaning of
what is said from the speaker’s point of view. Your ability to empathize, or to
see a situation from the other person’s perspective, requires that you pay
attention to emotional meaning and to the communications context. Second,
effective listeners let their partners know that they have been understood.
This chapter, then, introduces you to topics related to nonverbal communication
such as facial expression, body posture, eye behavior, silence, and vocal cues
so that you can develop greater sensitivity to these important dimensions of
the communications context.
e)
Evaluating
You listen from
unique point of view and are influenced by your perceptual filters your past
experiences, attitudes, personal values, and predispositions. It is therefore
impossible not to evaluate, to some extent, everything you hear. Understanding
the principles of logic and reasoning, and recognizing bias, stereotyping,
propaganda, and other factors that may influences the conclusions you draw, is
essential. Effective listeners, as you might suspect, deliberately reduce the
influence of their own viewpoint until they have first understood the speaker’s
ideas. Objectivity, in this sense, is prerequisite to making wise evaluations.
This unit sensitizes you to language and propaganda, and provides guidelines
for assessing speaker credibility.
INFO DAN FILE LENGKAPNYA KLIK DI SINI
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