- Psychological Approach in Literature
Literature
is a vague term which usually denotes works which belong to the major genres:
epic, drama, lyric, novel, short story, ode. If we describe something as
literature as opposed to anything else, the term carries with it qualitative
connotations which imply that the work in question has superior qualities: that
is well above the ordinary run of written works” Minderop, 2010:76)
The
importance of studying literature is to improve pronunciation, vocabulary,
knowledge, the four language skills, to have self-confidence, learning the
culture of other nation, building our character, for appreciating the literary,
and for having entertainment.
As
stated above psychology is a vast field; it grows wider every time, psychology
was firstly believed as the clinical theories, now might come to the field of
life, such as industry, law, education, and literature Psychology is best
defined as the "scientific study of behavior in humans and animals."
Behavior is what people and animals do: e.g., what a person says about last
night's dream, and how long it takes a rat to run a maze.
Wellek
and Warren (1977) believe that the discussion of psychology comes to literature
through some ways. The first way is though the making of the literary works,
second, through psychology study to the author’s life. The third way, the
psychology comes to literature through the psychology theories that are applied
in literary works. The last way is the influence of literary works to its
readers. Sometimes the novelist can
teach us more about human nature and the psychologist with all of his
imagination stated in words. The author is freely showing his ideas based on
the psychology theory on his idea based on the psychology theory on his works
as the picture of what is going on around the people, and based on the deep
consideration of human.
The
relation of psychoanalysis and literature can be seen from different angles.
Fellman (as cited by Green, 1996) explains that we normally tend to se
psychoanalysis as the active practice performed upon the passive text. While
literature is considered as a body of
language-to be interpreted-psychoanalysis is considered as a body of knowledge, whose competence is
called upon to interpret. Psychoanalysis, in other words, occupies the place of
a subject, literature that an object.
Endraswara
(2011 : p. 96) Psychology literature is literary study who looked at the work
of as psychological activity. Author will use copyright , a sense of , and work
in work .This is also the reader , in response to the work of also will not be
separated from each psychological. Even , as sociology reflection , psychology
literature also know of a literary work as the reflection of psychiatric.
Author it will catch symptoms soul of sports later in into a text and in
complete with his psychological. Projection their own experiences and
experience of life around author , are illustrated in imaginary into a text
literature.
Soleymani
et al (2009: 239) Psychologists represent as a emotions or feelings in an
n-dimensional space (generally 2- or 3-dimensional). Psychology comes to
literature through some ways. The first way is though the making of the
literary works, second, through psychology study to the author’s life. The
third way, the psychology comes to literature through the psychology theories
that are applied in literary works. The last way is the influence of literary
works to its readers.
Frequently
the expression psychological explanation is used as a catch-all term denoting
any attempt to understand phenomena related to intelligent behavior. The
philosophy of psychology would benefit from a more precise analytical
conception of what constitutes explanation in psychology (Calvo & Symons
2010: 1).
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