Micro Skill and Macro Skill of
Speaking
Brown (2007) separates speaking
into micro and macro skills. Micro skills refer to producing smaller chunks of
language including phonemes, morphemes, words, collocations, and phrasal units.
While macro skills focus on the larger elements such as fluency, discourse,
function, style, cohesion, nonverbal communication, and strategic options.
1)
Abridged list of Micro Skills
a)
Produce differences among English
phonemes and allophonic variants.
b)
Produce English stress patterns, words
in stressed and unstressed positions, rhythmic structure, and intonation
contours.
c)
Produce reduced forms of words and
phrases.
d)
Produce fluent speech at different rates
of delivery.
e)
Monitor one’s own oral production and
use various strategic devices - pauses, fillers, self -corrections,
backtracking – to enhance the clarity of the message.
f)
Produce speech in natural constituents:
in appropriate phrases, pause groups, breathe groups, and sentence
constituents.
2)
Abridged list of Macro Skills
a)
Use appropriate styles, registers,
implicate, redundancies, pragmatic conventions, conversation rules, floor
keeping, and floor yielding, interrupting, and other sociolinguistic features
in face-to-face conversations.
b)
Use facial features, kinesics, body
language, and other nonverbal cues appropriate with verbal language.
Develop and use a battery of
speaking strategies, such as emphasizing key words, rephrasing, providing a
context for interpreting the meaning of words, appealing for help, and
accurately assessing how well interlocutors understand.
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