Level of Conflict
Fisher
(2000:4) Conflict can occur at a number of levels of human functioning. Conflict in your head between opposing
motives or ideas is shown by your “internal dialogue” and is at the
intrapersonal level. Beyond that, the
primary concern here is with social conflict, i.e., conflict between people
whether they are acting as individuals, as members of groups, or as
representatives of organizations or
nations.
a.
Interpersonal
conflict
Interpersonal conflict
occurs when two people have incompatible needs, goals, or approaches in their
relationship. Communication breakdown is
often an important source of interpersonal conflict and learning communication
skills is valuable in preventing and resolving such difficulties. At the same time, very real differences occur
between people that cannot be resolved by any amount of improved
communication. “Personality conflict”
refers to very strong differences in motives, values or styles in dealing with
people that are not resolvable.
b.
Role conflict
Role conflict involves very
real differences in role definitions, expectations or responsibilities between
individuals who are interdependent in a social system. If there are ambiguities in role definitions
in an organization or unclear boundaries of responsibilities, then the stage is
set for interpersonal friction between the persons involved. Unfortunately, the conflict is often
misdiagnosed as interpersonal conflict rather than role conflict, and
resolution is then complicated and misdirected.
The emotional intensity is often quite high in role conflict since
people are directly involved as individuals and there is a strong tendency to
personalize the conflict.
c.
Intergroup
conflict
Intergroup conflict occurs
between collections of people such as ethnic or racial groups, departments or
levels of decision making in the same organization, and union and
management. Competition for scarce
resources is a common source of intergroup conflict, and societies have
developed numerous regulatory mechanisms, such as collective bargaining and
mediation, for dealing with intergroup conflict in less disruptive ways.
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