COMPONENTS
OF PARAGRAPHS
According
to Syafi’i et al, (2007:2) states that there are five reading components that
may help students to read carefully. They are:
1. Main
Idea
The main idea of a paragraph is
what the author wants you know about the topic. Identifying the topic can
generally help the reader to understand the main idea. The main idea makes a
particular statement or emphasizes a special aspect of the topic. The main idea
is usually expressed as complete thought, and the main idea usually indicates
the author’s reason or purpose for writing and the message he or she wants to
share with the reader. The main idea is not only in the beginning of the
paragraph, but also in the middle and at the end of the paragraph. Questions
about the main idea can be worded in many ways. For example, the following
questions are all asking for the same information: (1) What is the main idea?,
(2) What is the subject? (3) What is the topic? (4) What would be a good title?
2.
Factual of Information
It requires scanning specific
details. While reading, the reader must be able to recognize the factual or
certain information in details such as person, reason, and comparison. The
factual of information questions are preceded by WH-questions (where, why,
what, who, how, etc).
3.
Locating Reference
In this item, you have been asked
to find antecedent of a pronoun, an antecedent is a word or phrase to which a
pronoun refers. The pronoun such as it, is, them, etc. and you has been asked
to locate the reference word or phrase in the passage; the meaning of the
sentence in the context of the passage will not change when you substitute the
correct antecedent.
4.
Making Inference
The problem including in the test
of English as a foreign language is making inferences. In this question type,
you need to use the evidence you have to make an inference. It means that after
you have evidence from reading a passage, you can make a logical conclusion
based on the evidences; it can be about the author’s viewpoints.
5.
Supporting Sentences
Supporting sentences/supporting
details should also help you from an impression that will reveal the topic. The
support can take the form of examples, reasons, statistics, explanations, or
simply relevant information. It is also support of main idea in order that all
contents of text can be understood easily.
In
addition, Brown (2004:206), there are some reading comprehension questions
features that can be evaluated:
1) Main
ideas
2) Expressions/idiom/phrase
in context
3) Inference
(implied detail)
4) Grammatical
features
5) Detail
(scanning for a specifically stated detail)
6) Excluding
facts not written (unstated detail)
7) Supporting
ideas
8) Vocabulary
in context.
From
the components of reading above, it can be known that the students will
understand the paragraphs and they must master the components of reading first.
They should master main idea and supporting ideas of the paragraph, identify
inference and to tell the information. it also can be known that the components
of reading are main idea, supporting ideas, inference, grammatical features,
detail, excluding facts not written, vocabulary and expressions. These
components should be learned by the students to help they understand the
paragraphs.
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