CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
English, as a
worldwide language, plays an important role in the development of science and
technology. English as foreign language involves four skills, namely: speaking,
writing, reading and listening. In teaching English, those skills must be
taught interestedly as much a possible. These component can not be separated
because they are important taught integrated. Gunnarsson (1997:5) states
speaking, writing, reading and listening overlap one another and in some cases
certain learning in one progression is a prerequisite for learning in another.
The interrelationship between them also mean that no one strand should be
considered on its own.
In Indonesia,
English is taught as a foreign language and become a compulsory subject
focusing from the elementary school up to university levels. As we know English teaching used in
elementary school up to university levels, are : oral and written. Oral
communication is a two way process between speaker and listener (or listen) and
involve the productive skill of speaking and receptive skill of understanding
(or listening with understanding).
In listening comprehension, we don’t only
need to involve any overt responses on the part of the students; on the other
hand dictation involves the ability not only to understand a sequence of text
read aloud but also to reproduce it in writing.
Zemach and
Islam (2006:1) states writing is an important form of communication in
day-to-day life. Writing is also one of the most difficult skills to master
both first language and second language. Students can find it challenging to
find ideas to include in their writing.
Some
researchers have shown that the result of the students writing at school is
still poor, especially in writing paragraph. The students often make errors in
grammar, such as errors in the choice of tenses, nouns pronouns and vocabulary.
It was happen because they are rarely done in writing exercise.
One reason for
learning to write is to transmit ideas to other people, especially those who
are at a distance of space. In learning language, writing helps the
students reinforce the grammatical structure, idioms and vocabulary. When the
students write, they also have change to be adventurous with the language, to
go beyond that have just learned to say, to take a risk. In other words,
they become involved with the language.
There are some
factors that influence the student’s ability to write. These are the
vocabulary, the interest on the topic given, the interest of students in
learning writing, the time to teach writing in English course and the
techniques. So that the students can improve their ideas into good writing. In
English writing many techniques can be applied as West in Tan ( 2009: 4) states
that the teacher vary in the techniques they applied in teaching writing and
students differ in their learning. Free writing exercise helps the students
generate, organize and express their ideas in their own sentences by making a
paragraph of letter and a long composition or essay. In grade one and two, the
students are?>??????????????
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