CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This
chapter has six sections. They are the background of the study, reasons for choosing the topic, statements of the
problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, and the last is
outline of the report.
1.1
Background of the Study
Language
is a very important means of communication in daily human live. With language,
people can cooperate and get along with each other. They can do whatever they
are going to do, such as communicating with
others or giving arguments. Dreyer (2009:10) states: A language is a
dynamic set of visual, auditory, or tactile symbols of communication and the
elements used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such
systems as a general phenomenon.
It
means language is considered to be an
exclusively human mode of communication; although other animals make use of quite sophisticated communicative
systems, none of these are known to make use of all of the properties that
linguists use to define language. In other words, we can say that language is
the key of communication.
English
is one of the international languages most widely used in the world. English as
one of the international languages has been used in many countries at various
fields worldwide. Harmer (2001:1) states “English is called a lingua franca”. A
lingua franca can be defined as a language widely adopted for communication
between two speakers whose native languages are different from each other’s and
where one or both speakers are using it as a ‘second’ language. All around the world, students of all ages
are learning to speak English, but their reasons for studying English may
differ from one another. Harmer (2007:11) states “some students, of course,
only learn English because it is on the curriculum at primary or secondary
school”. Based on the Basic Course Outline 2006, English is the first foreign
language in Indonesia and is regarded as an important subject to absorb
and to develop science, technology and culture as well as to establish
relationship with other nations. It has become an essential subject in
curriculum and is first formally introduced in the fourth year of elementary school.
Education
Ministry of Indonesia (2006:277) states that in the teaching of English in
Junior High School it is expected to enable the students to achieve the functional
literacy level, which means that they can communicate in spoken and written
forms to solve the daily problem. Additionally, it should be supported with the
communicative competence which can be defined as the competence in understanding
or producing spoken and written texts that are realized in four language
skills, namely: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Those four skills
are used to respond to or create discourse in society.
Based
on Education Ministry of Indonesia
(2006:278), the purposes of teaching English in Junior High School are as
follows:
1. Improving communicative competence in the
production of spoken and written to achieve the functional literacy.
2. Having awareness of the nature and importance
of English to improve the competitiveness of nations in a global society
3. Improving the students’ understanding about the relationship between language and
culture. As part of language teaching, speaking is an important skill besides listening,
reading, and writing.
Speaking is
regarded as more representing what the speaker wants to say. By
speaking, one can express his mind, ideas and thought freely and spontaneously.
Speaking is the term that someone uses
for verbal communication between people. When two people are engaged in talking
to each other, they are doing communication. People do communication for some reasons.
Harmer (2001:46) states the reasons as follows:
1. They want to say something. What is used here is a general way to suggest
that speakers make definite decisions to address to other people. Speaking may, of course, be forced upon them.
But we can still say that they feel the need to speak, otherwise they would keep
silent.
2. They have some communicative purposes. Speakers say something because they want
something to happen as a result of what they say. They may decide to flatter,
agree or complain. In each of these cases, they are interested in achieving
this communicative purpose, what is important
is the message they wish to convey and the effect they want to have.
3. They select from their language store. Speakers have an infinite capacity to create
new sentences. In order to achieve this communication purpose they will select
from the ‘store’ of language they have.
Bygate
(1987:vii) states the definition of speaking. Speaking is, however, a skill
which deserves attention every bit as much
as literary skills, in both first and second languages. Our learners often need
to be able to speak with confidence in order to carry out many of their most
basic transactions. It is the skill by which they are most frequently judged,
and through which they may make or lose friends. It is the vehicle par
excellence of social solidarity, of social ranking, of professional
advancement and of business. It is a
medium through which much language is learnt, and which for many is particularly
conducive for learning. Perhaps, then,
the teaching of \speaking merits more thought.
Since
English is a foreign language in Indonesia, it is understandable that the
teaching of English is still
unsatisfactory. Most Indonesia students
consider English as a difficult subject to be learnt, especially speaking. It is not an easy way for students
to communicate in English. They are afraid of making mistakes in their
speaking. They do not have confidence to???????????????????????????????????????
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