CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Language
is something that is used for
communicating in spoken and written. According to Ramelan (2003: 1), “Man
speaks a language as a means of communication with other people, as tool to
express his ideas and wishes. Without language it is hard to imagine how people
can cooperate and get along with another”. One of the languages in the world is
English. English is one of the most important languages.
There
are some reasons why English is really considered very important and has to be
taught in Indonesia. First, as a developing country, Indonesia has to cooperate
with other countries to carry about the development in all fields. In this position,
English is really needed since it is
used as an International language. Second, Indonesia has to mastery English as
an international language because in science and technology developments
the information Indonesia cannot work
alone. Here, English is used as a tool to understand and develop the
information of science and technology progress.
Knowing
that the advantages of English for the development, our government always makes
effort to improve the quality of the English teaching in Indonesia by stressing
and taking it as a compulsory subject to be taught to the Junior High School and
Senior High School. Our government stated in Content of Standard for English subject
that is that English is a tool for communicating in spoken and written. Communicating
is to understand and give information, thought, and feeling and develop the
knowledge, technology and culture.
There
is difference between spoken and written language. Written language is more
complex than spoken language, because it needs correctness of grammar, content
of words (lexical items), and also punctuation. Halliday (1985: 61) stated that
written language displays much higher ratio of lexical items to total running
words. If we often use written language, it means that we use a lot of lexical items. Halliday(1985:
64) also explained that the number of lexical items as a proportion of thenumber
of running words is called lexical density.
In
English it self there are four skills and four components, which have to be mastered.
The skills, they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing and the components
consist of phonology, grammar (structure), vocabulary, and fluency, which are
different with our native language. There are no certain directions as how grammar
must be taught or learnt. The role of grammar is in part due to changing attitude
toward the language it self that make them find difficulties to remember the grammar
rules (Veit, 1986: 249). As we know that there are many subjects covered in grammar
study, the writer limit the discussion into syntax, which is still, has a very close
relationship with grammar.
Syntax
is the study of words are put together (Veit, 1986: 6). Based on that statement,
syntax discuses the relation of words to other in phrases, clauses, and sentences. It is stated
above that one of the language
components is????????
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