CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
Laidlaw, (2006) state that language is a tool of communication. Language can be a
medium for giving information and it reflecting
on various things as well. Speaking is so important in acquiring and
using a language, and language-competence covers so many aspects. Phonetics,
both theory and practice constitute the basis of speaking above. Speaking is a
tool of communication that very easy to understand meaning if the speaking is
smooth, but if the speaking is disjointed and mispronounced,
others might not understand the meaning. It is analogous to a fish out of water. Pronunciation is
the foundation of speaking. Good pronunciation may make the communication
easier and more relaxed and thus more successful, but
poor pronunciation can never facilitate effective communication. If they didn't
know how to pronounce each word or sentence in the right way, this was sure to
lead to a failure of communication.
In learning foreign
language specially English language, it must be really understood that the
language sound system different between Indonesia language. There are several
sound of English language are not found in Indonesia languange, such as vocal, conconant, diphthong and
another sound systems. Beside that in Indonesia language stress, length and
intonation not influence the meaning of a word or phrase. Caused existence the
different various, the English learners often experience difficulty that coused by anything various: the different
sensitivity of ear, the matter of making foreign sounds, the distribution of
the sounds, and fluency.
In English many words can have
the same pronunciation but be written differently with different meanings. For
example "to, two, and too" which all have the phonetic transcription
/tu/. Sometimes, words can be written similarly but have different
pronunciations as in the "ough" combinations thought, though, bough,
and through. The students are indicated with the
International Phonetic Alphabet and followed by examples and exercises dealing
with contrasting sounds, recognition and dictation.
In learnign English,
can express words, phrase, and sentences as well as, righteously pronunciation
be produced by the native speaker English is the main point. It is very
important because in language English, error pronunciation will cause the
meaning of the word be erroneous. As a consequence, the information be conveyed
will not accepted clearly.
Based on the
explanation above, it is very important to introduce the role of English
speaking with pronouncing correctly toward the English leaners specially
students of SMP level . Thereby, can be expected to appear the English leaners
that able to master the role of speaking with pronouncing correctly in English
language so finally the students can speak English accuracy and fluency. All
problems above will be overcome by the use of tongue twisters strategy to
increase the students’ speaking ability.
Karin M. Cintron, (1999-20120) state that tongue twisters are a great way
to introduce the concept of alliteration and help those trying to learn English better understand the language. Practicing tongue
twisters allows people who are learning English to strengthen their speech
skills. The faster a person can say the tongue twister without slipping up, the
stronger their language skills become.
A tongue twister is a series of words or a longer piece,
like a poem, constructed to be very difficult to pronounce properly. Tongue twisters are used to create humor by challenging
someone to repeat them very fast and listening to the funny results, as well as
by public speakers and speech language students to increase verbal agility. Tongue twisters are also useful in understanding how we
process language. It turns out that there are certain sound sequences that are
difficult to alternate because of the changing positions in the mouth and/or
the aural feedback of the sound similarities, and tongue
twisters focus on these.
Alicia, (2012) state that using tongue twisters is a common ESL (English as
a second language) teaching technique because it helps ESL students to learn
correct pronunciation of English words, to correctly use vowels and consonants
and to become familiar with common English words, all while making the learning
process fun. To incorporate tongue twisters into ESL teaching, create games
that challenge the students' minds and motor skills, while still keeping the
learning of a language fun.
Acoording to the
information that research found of SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Perumnas Makassar for the
class VIII which the students still low in speaking. specially in accuracy (pronounciation) and
fluency (content).
Beside that the
research have done observation and teaching for several days which found some problems that students faced in speaking
are accuracy (pronounciation) and fluency (content) of the students are still
low. It is same with the information from the teacher in the school. Based on
the condition of the students faced in speaking, the research would like to
solve the problems by using a strategy. The research strategy will be applied
is Tongue Twisters Strategy, so the students’ speaking ability can increase.
Using tongue twisters
strategy in learning speaking is very important to increase the students
speaking ability. So, Tongue Twister in learning to speak is powerful capacity
and help given to the students, so that they will be the learners can use the role of speaking
accuracy in English language so for the future they can speak English accuracy
and fluency.
B.
Problem Statements
Based on the
statement above, the researcher formulates the research question as follows :
1.
Is
the use of tongue twisters an effective strategy to increase the students’
speaking accuracy?
2.
Is
the use of tongue twisters an effective strategy to increase the students’ speaking
fluency?
C.
Objective of the Study
Based on the
questions formulated above, the aims of this research are:
1.
To
investigate the use of tongue twisters an effective strategy to increase the
students’ speaking accuracy?
2.
To
investigate the use of tongue twisters an effective strategy to increase the
students’ speaking fluency?
D.
Significance of the Study
The results of the
research are expected to be a very useful reference for the teacher English in
general in order they can improve their knowledge and strategy in teaching
English speaking and for the students to increase their knowledge and ability
in speaking so they can speak actively and fluently.
E.
Scope of the Study
This study is limited
to the use of tongue twisters strategy to increase the students’ speaking
ability at the second grade SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Perumnas Makassar. which covers
accuracy (pronounciation) and fluency (content). The study will take these
items because it is very important to identify by the teacher to increase the
role of tongue twister in motivating and overcoming the students’ problems in
speaking English.
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