Reading
Reading is the process of putting the reader in the contact communicating
with ideas (Hornby, A.S, 1998). Reading is a process of looking at written
language symbols, converting them into overt or covert speech symbols and then
manipulating them so that both the direct (overt) and implied (covert) ideas
intended by author maybe understand (Hafner, L, E, & Hayden. B.J., 1982:7)
but, according Haris, J.A., & Edward
R.S (1979:27) states that reading is as result of the in play between perception
of graphic symbols that represent language, and memory traces of the reader’s
past verbal and non verbal experiences. Meanwhile, comprehension is an active
process that involves that child’s integration of prior knowledge with
information in the text in order to comprehend that text. Among the major goals
of reading instruction is the development of learners who understand.
Reading is a complex process, every writer gives reason in his or her to
establish meaning. Charles in Hamka (2005:9) stated that reading is a
transmitting of information process where the author is regarded as the
informant and the reader. In other hand is receiver during reading process the
reader interacts with the author directly.
According to Mark A. Clark and Sandra in Hamka (1988:15) define that
reading is an active cognitive process of interacting with print and monitoring
comprehensions to establish meaning.
2. Reading Comprehension
In connection with that, Hornby, A.S (1998) states that reading
comprehension is not just reading with a loudly voice but reading established
to understand the meaning of word, sentences, and paragraph senses relationship
among the ideas. If the students just read and cannot understand the content of
the text, it means that the fails in comprehensions. Than, according Smith and
Johnson, (1978:56) state that reading comprehension means the understanding,
evaluating, utilizing of the information and gained through an interaction
between reader and author.
According to Reinking and Scenery in Hamka (2006:9), they stated that
reading comprehension understanding what has been read. It is an active
thinking process that depends not only on comprehension skill but also the
students experience and prior knowledge comprehensions involve understanding
vocabularies, seeing the relationship among words and concept, making judgment
and evaluating.
Based on definitions above, we may concluded that reading comprehension
is such us a kind of language between an author and a reader in which the
written language become the medium that cause the dialogue happen when the persons communicated through the print.
