The
Concept of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Strategy
1. The
Definition of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Strategy
Sanjaya
(2006: 19) points out the strategy is a plan of operation achieving something.
She continues that in education field, strategy is translated as a plan, method
or series of activates designed to achieve a particular educational goal. She
also states that the meaning of problem is a gap between the happen reality and
what s expected.
Merrill
(2002: 15) points out that strategy is typically organized with a small group
of learners, accompanied by instructor, faculty person, or facilitator. During
this process, a series of problem are provided by learners with guidance early
in the problem based learning strategy process (with introductory problem), and
then later guidance is faded as learners gain expertise. Guidance is faded as a
group members feel more confident with the subject matter and become competent
with the learned procedures.
Barrow
(1993: 56) says that: Problem Based Learning was first established as part of
the education of physicians in medical school and has been and educational
institution at Southern Illinois University for over 30 years. This strategy
has grown into an instructional approach which is findings success in
elementary through high school throughout the state of Illinois and beyond.
While its preliminary success has been documented through Illinois Match and
science Academy, Problem Based Learning (PBL) is now a prominent strategy in
many elementary schools through high schools.
Bound
and Feletti (1991: 86) say that the problem based learning is an approach to
structuring the curriculum which involves confronting students with problems
from practice which provides a stimulus for learning. While Duch (1995:67)
defines problem based learning is an instructional method that challenges
students to “learn to learn” working cooperatively in group to seek solution
too real world problems. These problems are used to engage student’s curiosity
and initiate learning the subject matter. Problem based learning strategy
prepares student to think critically and fanatically, and to find and use
appropriate learning resources.
2. The
Characteristics of Problem Based learning (PBL) Strategy
According
to Sanjaya (2006: 212) Problem Based Learning Strategy as a series of learning
activities has some specific characteristic, they are:
a. Problem based learning strategy is a series
of learning activities
It means that there some activities must be done by
students in implementing this learning strategies.
b. Learning activities aim to solve problem
Problem based learning strategy place the problem as
key words of learning process. It means that there is not learning process
without problem.
c. The problem must be done by using scientific
thinking approach this thinking process is done though specific stages, while
in problem solving process based on the clear data and fact. For implementation
this strategy, the teacher need to select the learning material that has a
solvable problem to stimulate the students for thinking, seeking and processing
the data and fact actively to solve the problem.
d. Learning is driven by challenging, open-ended
problems.
e. Students work in small collaborative groups.
f. Teacher takes on the role as “facilitator”
of learning.
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