Concept of Main Ideas, Supporting Details, Taking Notes Conclusion and Cause-Effect Relationship.
1. Main
ideas
According
to Hariming (2010: 15-16) defines the main idea is the most important
piece of information the author wants
you to know about the concept of that paragraph. When authors write they have
an idea in mind that they are trying to get across. This is especially true as
authors compose paragraphs. An author organizes each paragraph's main idea and
supporting details in support of the topic or central theme, and each paragraph
supports the paragraph preceding it.
The main idea is very commonly found at the beginning and is followed by supporting sentence. Very often the writer begins with supporting evidence and places the main idea in the last sentence. Sometimes the writer uses a few sentences to introduces the topic, places the main idea in the middle and follows it with supporting sentences. So, the main idea may be stated at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the paragraph.
2. Supporting Details
We have said that a topic is a word or phrase that describes the subject or gen-eral category of a group of specific ideas. Frequently, the topic is stated as the title of a passage. The main idea, in contrast, is a complete sentence that states the topic and adds the writer’s position or focus on the topic. According to Pearson Education, Inc (2010:127) The supporting details are the specifics that develop the topic and main idea.
3. Taking Notes Conclusion
While most students anticipate that they will have to take notes at university, not many students take the time to discover how to take effective notes. In fact, some students even try to avoid taking notes by using tape recorders or by sharing notes with other students. Initially, these strategies may seem like a good idea, but in an academic context note taking is as important as assignment writing in that you are taking in information and then writing it back out again as a learning process (Rowntree, 1976: 112). Taking notes will help you to extend your attention span. When reading or listening, your mind may tend to wander off. You might be inclined to think about work, money, or relationships. It is quite easy for other aspects of your life to pop into your head while you are listening to a lecture or while you are reading. Taking notes helps keep you focussed on your subject area and to the task at hand (Kesselman-Turkel and Peterson, 1982: 2)
4. Cause-Effect
Relationship
According to Holt et. al
Winston (1993: 95)When you read that one action or event is the result of another action or event, you
are reading about a cause-and-effect relationship. A cause makes something
happen; an effect is what happens as
a result of that cause. The link between cause and effect can sometimes be very obvious; at other times
you may be required to make an
educated guess about the connection.When writers want to make cause-and-effect
relationships very obvi-ous for the reader, they do so with clue words that
signal the cause-and-effect relationship.
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