Concept of Direct
interaction
1.
Definition of Direct Interaction Strategy
Carmin & Traub in miller (2004:
3) Direct Instruction is an approach to teaching. It is skills-oriented, and
the teaching practices it implies are teacher-directed. It emphasizes the use
of small-group, face-to-face instruction by teachers and aides using carefully
articulated lessons in which cognitive skills are broken down into small units,
sequenced deliberately, and taught explicitly
Center on Innovation &
Improvement (2008: 1) defines Direct instruction refers to instruction led by
the teacher, as in “the teacher provided direct instruction in solving these
problems.” Direct Instruction is an explicit, intensive instructional method
that allows students of all abilities to become confident, capable learners
According to Sutton and Sutton
(1997), direct instruction is a teaching method that can be used successfully
to teach almost any subject in which the student is required to master certain
academic skills
Direct instruction” is described as
teacher-directed and fast-paced, using a highly structured presentation of
antecedents and consequences (Gersten, Woodward, & Darch, 1986: 17). This
meticulously developed, highly scripted method allows constant interactions
between the student and the teacher. The responsibility for student learning
rests directly with the teacher’s design and delivery of instruction.
Valiathan. P (2009: 3) Direct
Instruction (DI) is used to describe
learning material in which the teacher or expert transmits information directly
to learners structuring learning time to reach a clearly defined set of
objectives as efficiently as possible
2.
Types
of Direct Interaction
Joyce et al (2000) defines the type
of Direct interaction as follows:
a. Orientation
In
the first phase of direct, explicit instruction, teachers activate students’ relevant
prior knowledge and experiences and help them to connect it to the new
knowledge they will gain from the lesson. They also familiarize learners with
the focus of a lesson. In student-friendly language, they explain the lesson’s
purpose, telling students what they are expected to be able to do.
b. Presentation
This
is the explicit phase of the instructional model, in which teachers identify a
specific strategy for students, then
model exactly where, how, and why to apply the strategy to get meaning from a
reading passage. If the teaching objective involves a strategy such as
comparing ideas, teachers might use a graphic organizer as part of
theirmodeling, thinking aloud frequently as they complete the organizer. If the
objective involves helping students grasp an important content-area concept
from a nonfiction selection, teachers may identify its characteristics, along
with examples and non-examples, definitions, and rules
c.
Structured Practice
The structured practice phase of
direct, explicit instruction calls for teachers to begin the process of handing
over to students the strategy or concept that they have modeled. Using new but
related material, teachers apply the steps of a strategy or the dimensions of a
concept, involving students in ways in which they cannot fail. For example,
students use graphic organizers, sentence frames, or other structured supports
that organize the successful use of the strategy.
d.
Guided Practice
Guided practice is the phase of
instruction that helps students move toward independence. In this phase,
teachers give students increasing responsibility for applying a strategy or
concept to more new material. Teachers use structured response techniques to
ensure that every student participates and to check the accuracy of students’
responses in order to provide immediate corrective feedback, if necessary. The
teacher withdraws support gradually and only when students show that they can
work on their own
e.
Independent Practice
In the final phase of direct,
explicit instruction, students independently practice work with a strategy or
concept, applying their new knowledge in unfamiliar situations. During this
phase, students have the main responsibility for completing academic tasks on
their own, although teachers still monitor what they do and respond to their
efforts.
INFO DAN FILE LENGKAPNYA KLIK DI SINI
HUB 085398507498
