The
Concepts of Top Down and Bottom up processing
1.
Definition
of Top Down Process.
The definition of Top Down
processing are:
a.
Top-Down processing strategy is evoked
from a bank of prior knowledge and global expectation and other background
information that the listener brings to the text. Top-Down Processing is more
concerned with the activation of schemata, deriving meaning, global understanding,
and interpretation of the text
b.
Top-Down processing strategy is
activating prior knowledge to make prediction about the text top-down processing is pre-listening activity
which emphasizes to how activate the students prior knowledge.
c.
Top-Down processing utilizes internal,
high-level models of the acoustic environment and prior knowledge of the
properties and dependencies of the object in it. In this approach information
also flows top-down: a sensing system collects evidence that would either
justify or cause a change in an internal world model and in the state of the
object in it. This approach is double-
called prediction-driven processing, because it is strongly dependent on the
prediction of the abstracted internal model, and on prior knowledge of the
sounds sources
2.
Definition
of Bottom up processing:
a. Bottom
up processing on the other hand refers to deriving the meaning of the massage
based on the incoming language data, from sounds to words, to grammatical relationship,
to meaning
b. Bottom
up processing on the other hand, is text based on which the listener realize on
the language in the massage that is the combination of sounds, words, and
grammar that creates meaning
c. Bottom
up processing refers to deriving the meaning of the text based on incoming
language data, sounds, and grammar relationship to meaning
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